{
  "@context": {
    "@language": "en",
    "@vocab": "https://schema.org/",
    "cr": "http://mlcommons.org/croissant/",
    "sc": "https://schema.org/",
    "dct": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/",
    "data": {
      "@id": "cr:data",
      "@type": "@json"
    },
    "dataType": {
      "@id": "cr:dataType",
      "@type": "@vocab"
    },
    "field": "cr:field",
    "fileObject": "cr:fileObject",
    "fileProperty": "cr:fileProperty",
    "format": "cr:format",
    "includes": "cr:includes",
    "isLiveDataset": "cr:isLiveDataset",
    "jsonPath": "cr:jsonPath",
    "key": "cr:key",
    "md5": "cr:md5",
    "sha256": "cr:sha256",
    "parentField": "cr:parentField",
    "path": "cr:path",
    "recordSet": "cr:recordSet",
    "references": "cr:references",
    "repeated": "cr:repeated",
    "source": "cr:source",
    "subField": "cr:subField",
    "transform": "cr:transform"
  },
  "@type": "sc:Dataset",
  "@id": "https://hibrkraft.com/data/encyclopedia/",
  "conformsTo": "http://mlcommons.org/croissant/1.0",
  "name": "bookbinding-encyclopedia",
  "alternateName": "An Encyclopaedia of Bookbinding and the Printing Trades — entry dataset",
  "description": "5,460 dictionary entries on bookbinding, book conservation, papermaking and the printing trades, transcribed from nine works published between 1683 and 1982 and normalised into one schema. Each entry keeps the work it came from, that work's year, its rights status, and its references into a 373-work bibliography. 414 terms are defined more than once because more than one source defined them — 'register' and 'signature' each appear eight times between 1841 and 1982 — which makes this a diachronic record of how a craft vocabulary was written down over three centuries, not just a glossary.",
  "url": "https://hibrkraft.com/resources/encyclopedia/",
  "sameAs": "https://hibrkraft.com/data/encyclopedia/",
  "version": "2.0.0",
  "datePublished": "2026-08-30",
  "inLanguage": "en",
  "isLiveDataset": false,
  "isAccessibleForFree": true,
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
  "usageInfo": "Mixed. The 1,599 entries drawn from eight works published 1683–1906 are in the public domain. The 3,861 entries drawn from Roberts & Etherington (1982) come from a United States Government publication (Library of Congress) issued openly by Conservation OnLine; they are reproduced on the understanding that such a publication carries no copyright, and will be withdrawn on request from a rightsholder. Every record carries rights_tier and source.rights so the two are never confused. The compilation, normalisation and apparatus are CC0.",
  "temporalCoverage": "1683-01-01/1982-12-31",
  "keywords": [
    "bookbinding",
    "book conservation",
    "printing history",
    "papermaking",
    "terminology",
    "historical dictionary",
    "lexicography",
    "book arts",
    "penjilidan buku",
    "konservasi buku"
  ],
  "creator": {
    "@type": "Person",
    "name": "Ibrahim Anwar",
    "alternateName": "Hibranwar",
    "identifier": "https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0425-4923",
    "url": "https://hibrkraft.com/about/ibrahim-anwar/"
  },
  "publisher": {
    "@type": "Organization",
    "name": "PT Hibrkraft Kreasi Indonesia",
    "url": "https://hibrkraft.com"
  },
  "citation": "Anwar, Ibrahim, comp. An Encyclopaedia of Bookbinding and the Printing Trades: entry dataset, version 2. Bogor: PT Hibrkraft Kreasi Indonesia, 2026. https://hibrkraft.com/resources/encyclopedia/",
  "distribution": [
    {
      "@type": "cr:FileObject",
      "@id": "entries.jsonl",
      "name": "entries.jsonl",
      "description": "All 5,460 entries, one JSON object per line.",
      "contentUrl": "https://hibrkraft.com/data/encyclopedia/entries.jsonl",
      "encodingFormat": "application/jsonlines",
      "contentSize": "8458992 B",
      "sha256": "5a6b8173b1fe87e7864ea1e46297439c719333bf8261c0ede11a95828ce5b9cb"
    },
    {
      "@type": "cr:FileObject",
      "@id": "entries.jsonl.gz",
      "name": "entries.jsonl.gz",
      "description": "The same 5,460 entries, gzipped.",
      "contentUrl": "https://hibrkraft.com/data/encyclopedia/entries.jsonl.gz",
      "encodingFormat": "application/gzip",
      "contentSize": "1741330 B",
      "sha256": "941b9e07c1885f74fa96f357ce1ab25a558bf197333d1aa47693ec5a48cfa563"
    },
    {
      "@type": "cr:FileObject",
      "@id": "entries-public-domain.jsonl",
      "name": "entries-public-domain.jsonl",
      "description": "The 1,599 entries from the eight pre-1930 sources only. Use this one if you need an unambiguous rights position.",
      "contentUrl": "https://hibrkraft.com/data/encyclopedia/entries-public-domain.jsonl",
      "encodingFormat": "application/jsonlines",
      "contentSize": "3044216 B",
      "sha256": "3b1d342a446cc7a90d15aeabbdd985768443c96cd4aaffb41abcd9ccdfc266da"
    },
    {
      "@type": "cr:FileObject",
      "@id": "bibliography.json",
      "name": "bibliography.json",
      "description": "The 373 works the entries cite by number.",
      "contentUrl": "https://hibrkraft.com/data/encyclopedia/bibliography.json",
      "encodingFormat": "application/json",
      "contentSize": "60085 B",
      "sha256": "4921c07d087eae5544d6f27ba970ef77545d534d6211fb0b1d66fb0705ec4167"
    },
    {
      "@type": "cr:FileObject",
      "@id": "sources.json",
      "name": "sources.json",
      "description": "The nine source works, with year, siglum and full rights statement.",
      "contentUrl": "https://hibrkraft.com/data/encyclopedia/sources.json",
      "encodingFormat": "application/json",
      "contentSize": "3515 B",
      "sha256": "4c8adce9516f3013fa72082503e335a5874e1dea02a505127f0fc8256452587d"
    },
    {
      "@type": "cr:FileObject",
      "@id": "bookbinding-encyclopedia-v2.json",
      "name": "bookbinding-encyclopedia-v2.json",
      "description": "The compiled source file, exactly as it came out of the build.",
      "contentUrl": "https://hibrkraft.com/data/encyclopedia/bookbinding-encyclopedia-v2.json",
      "encodingFormat": "application/json",
      "contentSize": "7498023 B",
      "sha256": "fcf0005bf00b490adc2e21d1c545589b683345b035e2205e4e0c488241547d82"
    }
  ],
  "recordSet": [
    {
      "@type": "cr:RecordSet",
      "@id": "entries",
      "name": "entries",
      "description": "One record per dictionary entry. 5,460 records.",
      "key": {
        "@id": "entries/id"
      },
      "field": [
        {
          "@type": "cr:Field",
          "@id": "entries/id",
          "name": "id",
          "description": "Stable identifier for the entry, e.g. dt0058.",
          "dataType": "sc:Text",
          "repeated": false,
          "source": {
            "fileObject": {
              "@id": "entries.jsonl"
            },
            "extract": {
              "column": "id"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "cr:Field",
          "@id": "entries/term",
          "name": "term",
          "description": "The headword exactly as the source printed it.",
          "dataType": "sc:Text",
          "repeated": false,
          "source": {
            "fileObject": {
              "@id": "entries.jsonl"
            },
            "extract": {
              "column": "term"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "cr:Field",
          "@id": "entries/norm",
          "name": "norm",
          "description": "The headword lowercased and normalised, for joining.",
          "dataType": "sc:Text",
          "repeated": false,
          "source": {
            "fileObject": {
              "@id": "entries.jsonl"
            },
            "extract": {
              "column": "norm"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "cr:Field",
          "@id": "entries/sense",
          "name": "sense",
          "description": "Sense number where one source defines a term twice.",
          "dataType": "sc:Integer",
          "repeated": false,
          "source": {
            "fileObject": {
              "@id": "entries.jsonl"
            },
            "extract": {
              "column": "sense"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "cr:Field",
          "@id": "entries/kind",
          "name": "kind",
          "description": "definition, or see for a bare cross-reference.",
          "dataType": "sc:Text",
          "repeated": false,
          "source": {
            "fileObject": {
              "@id": "entries.jsonl"
            },
            "extract": {
              "column": "kind"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "cr:Field",
          "@id": "entries/letter",
          "name": "letter",
          "description": "Alphabetical bucket the headword files under.",
          "dataType": "sc:Text",
          "repeated": false,
          "source": {
            "fileObject": {
              "@id": "entries.jsonl"
            },
            "extract": {
              "column": "letter"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "cr:Field",
          "@id": "entries/volume",
          "name": "volume",
          "description": "Which printed volume carries this letter: 1, 2 or 3.",
          "dataType": "sc:Integer",
          "repeated": false,
          "source": {
            "fileObject": {
              "@id": "entries.jsonl"
            },
            "extract": {
              "column": "volume"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "cr:Field",
          "@id": "entries/text",
          "name": "text",
          "description": "The definition. Paragraphs are joined by a blank line; split on \\n\\n to recover them, which is exact for every record.",
          "dataType": "sc:Text",
          "repeated": false,
          "source": {
            "fileObject": {
              "@id": "entries.jsonl"
            },
            "extract": {
              "column": "text"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "cr:Field",
          "@id": "entries/chars",
          "name": "chars",
          "description": "Character count of the definition.",
          "dataType": "sc:Integer",
          "repeated": false,
          "source": {
            "fileObject": {
              "@id": "entries.jsonl"
            },
            "extract": {
              "column": "chars"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "cr:Field",
          "@id": "entries/is_article",
          "name": "is_article",
          "description": "True for the 68 long-form entries that run as articles.",
          "dataType": "sc:Boolean",
          "repeated": false,
          "source": {
            "fileObject": {
              "@id": "entries.jsonl"
            },
            "extract": {
              "column": "is_article"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "cr:Field",
          "@id": "entries/source/siglum",
          "name": "source/siglum",
          "description": "Printed short form of the source work: RE, DAP, MOX and so on.",
          "dataType": "sc:Text",
          "repeated": false,
          "source": {
            "fileObject": {
              "@id": "entries.jsonl"
            },
            "extract": {
              "column": "source/siglum"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "cr:Field",
          "@id": "entries/source/author",
          "name": "source/author",
          "description": "Who wrote the source work.",
          "dataType": "sc:Text",
          "repeated": false,
          "source": {
            "fileObject": {
              "@id": "entries.jsonl"
            },
            "extract": {
              "column": "source/author"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "cr:Field",
          "@id": "entries/source/work",
          "name": "source/work",
          "description": "Title of the source work.",
          "dataType": "sc:Text",
          "repeated": false,
          "source": {
            "fileObject": {
              "@id": "entries.jsonl"
            },
            "extract": {
              "column": "source/work"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "cr:Field",
          "@id": "entries/source/year",
          "name": "source/year",
          "description": "Year the source work was published, 1683 to 1982.",
          "dataType": "sc:Integer",
          "repeated": false,
          "source": {
            "fileObject": {
              "@id": "entries.jsonl"
            },
            "extract": {
              "column": "source/year"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "cr:Field",
          "@id": "entries/source/rights",
          "name": "source/rights",
          "description": "Rights statement for that source work, in full.",
          "dataType": "sc:Text",
          "repeated": false,
          "source": {
            "fileObject": {
              "@id": "entries.jsonl"
            },
            "extract": {
              "column": "source/rights"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "cr:Field",
          "@id": "entries/rights_tier",
          "name": "rights_tier",
          "description": "public-domain, or us-government-flagged. Read this before reuse.",
          "dataType": "sc:Text",
          "repeated": false,
          "source": {
            "fileObject": {
              "@id": "entries.jsonl"
            },
            "extract": {
              "column": "rights_tier"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "cr:Field",
          "@id": "entries/reference_numbers",
          "name": "reference_numbers",
          "description": "Numbers into the 373-work bibliography, as the source printed them.",
          "dataType": "sc:Integer",
          "repeated": true,
          "source": {
            "fileObject": {
              "@id": "entries.jsonl"
            },
            "extract": {
              "column": "reference_numbers"
            }
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "cr:Field",
          "@id": "entries/citations",
          "name": "citations",
          "description": "Those numbers already resolved to full citation strings.",
          "dataType": "sc:Text",
          "repeated": true,
          "source": {
            "fileObject": {
              "@id": "entries.jsonl"
            },
            "extract": {
              "column": "citations"
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}
